Two Popes Benedict XV and Pius XI, fundamental for the development and formation of a missionary awareness of the Church in the twentieth century, gave impetus to a ” universal ” vision of the Church.
Benedict XV with the Apostolic Letter Maximum Illud , Pius XI with the Motu proprio Romanorum Pontificum of 1922 and then with the Encyclical Rerum Ecclesiae , recognized and elevated the Mission Societies to the rank of Pontifical.
In fact, the flourishing of various new missionary initiatives and the increased activity of these Works in support of the missions, led the Holy See to attribute to them a more Catholic meaning and an increasingly international composition within the Superior General Council which governed them.
The structure of the Work of the Propagation of the Faith before 1922 consisted of four national councils (Lyon, Paris, Munich and Aachen) as well as a number of smaller peripheral European initiatives.
In Romanorum pontificum it was explicitly stated that the task of the Congregation of Propaganda fide was to send missionaries to every part of the world and to distribute them according to the needs of the places.
Pope Pius XI thus inaugurated a new season in the missionary experience, strongly underlining its Catholic aspects, that is, the universal dimension, as well as the need for an ever more widespread awareness of the clergy and laity, so that each local Church would know how to take responsibility up to then divided rather between religious institutes and different missionary support works.